Bats :: essays research papers

Presentation There is a bounteous measure of creature species on the planet. They all have adjusted and advanced to make due in their environmental factors. Some have developed balances, others legs, and still others wings. One of the creatures that has developed wings is the bat. The bat is a genuinely extraordinary animal. It has all the qualities of warm blooded creatures while additionally having the aptitude of a winged animal in flight. There are in excess of 800 types of bats on the planet. They are of a wide range of sizes, shapes, and ways of life. They live everywhere throughout the world and have drawn the interest of millions. Bats likewise have the novel component of echolocation that it uses to get creepy crawlies. In spite of the fact that different vertebrates, similar to the flying squirrel appear to fly however float, the bat is the main warm blooded animal that can genuinely fly (Lauber 1968). A Bat's Body Because of the incredible assortment of types of bats a few qualities differ extraordinarily, yet the Little Brown Bat is a genuine case of a typical bat. It has hide on the body, enormous stripped ears, the back legs have hooks, a tail layer, and it has the most distinctive element of a bat, wings (Lauber 1968). The upper arm of the bat is brief time the lower arm is long (Fig. 1). The wrist is little and from it comes the thumb and the four longer fingers. The thumb is short and utilized for climbing or strolling. The fingers are long and slender. Interlocking the fingers is the wing. This course of action of having the fingers in the wing gives the bat astonishing flight mobility (Honders 1975). These bones seem to be like a human hand. They are associated by rubbery skin to the bat's body encompassing all the fingers yet the thumb (Anonymous 1990). Echolocation Bats have a "sixth sense" called echolocation. This was first demonstrated by Donald Griffin. Bats produce ultrasonic sound waves and afterward utilize the reverberation of the returning sound to detect their general surroundings and in especially to get creepy crawlies. These sounds are typically out of the people scope of hearing (Fellman 1993). This framework is like that of dolphins. The sound is as snaps that expansion as the bat draws nearer to the bug or whatever it is following (Anonymous 1990). In contrast to people, most creepy crawlies can hear the bat's echolocation sounds. David D. Yager of the University of Maryland has discovered that the supplicating mantis has utilized this for its potential benefit.

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay Example for Free

European Colonists and Their Viciousness Essay William Penn was one case of a main homesteader that kept up great relations with the Native Americans. There were different pioneers that did in like manner. Be that as it may, the greater part of the European settlers didn’t follow this example as John Winthrop or Hernando Cortez. These pioneers abused the Native Americans and utilized them like items. One reason that made a few Europeans maltreatment of the Native Americans was that they didn’t think about the Native Americans as people yet more as creatures or savages. In this manner, they figured they could do anything of them and even execute them in the event that they expected to. That was valid for the English pioneers who saw the Native Americans a similar way they saw the Irish. Hence, they would misuse them and use them as slaves. They even demolished their towns and abducted their youngsters for retribution. One thing that the English pioneers didn’t do that separated them from the Spaniards was that they didn’t recreate with the Native Americans since they considered it to be imitating with a creature. However, this wasn’t the main explanation of this conduct among the Native Americans. Another purpose behind which the pilgrims exploited the Native Americans was power. As of now, power was significant for everyone. The measure of intensity you had leaded your life. Obviously, when somebody had power, he constantly needed more and that was so for the lords and sovereigns. At the point when Christopher Columbus revealed to Queen Isabella that the Tainos were frail, honest and that it is anything but difficult to control them, the sovereign saw a decent chance of growing her influence in America and improving her riches. She concluded that she would make slaves out of the Native Americans and that she would force them her religion. Obviously any individual who might oppose would be murdered. This is the manner by which subjection began in America. Another reason for this conduct was gold. Different outings to America had for objective to discover gold. The European pilgrims felt that, since they discovered this new land, they would have the option to receive the rewards of the gold laying on it. Be that as it may, when the homesteaders showed up, the Native Americans were at that point there with the gold. Be that as it may, the homesteaders had detestable interests; when they saw gold, they would have the option to effectively get it. That is what occurred with the â€Å"conquistador† Hernando Cortez and his military when they showed up to Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs’ capital. At the point when they saw this city, they got entranced by the gold used to manufacture it. This fixation prompted the upset of the Aztecs against the â€Å"conquistadores†. The fight finished with the greater part of the Aztecs slaughtered including their boss. The last wellspring of the colonists’ violence was their regions. At the point when America was first found by Christopher Columbus, all the European nations battled to broaden their territories. Be that as it may, the Native Americans were a hindrance for the development of their colonization. The nations believed that the terrains had a place with every single diverse clan of Native Americans. Consequently, the best way to get the grounds was to assume control over the Native Americans and take assets of their properties. This is again a case of Hernando Cortez’s victory of America for Spain. At the point when he showed up in America, Hernando executed each Native American clan he found on his approach to then guarantee their territories to Spain. The main explanation he didn’t execute some of them was to have better opportunities to overcome the Aztecs. Be that as it may, Cortez wasn’t the main settler to do this to Native Americans and some may have be en much crueler than he had. All in all, the Europeans didn’t follow the example of good relations with Native Americans as William Penn and other European pioneers in view of dehumanization, force, gold and land. These are the four realities that the vast majority of the European homesteaders thought merited slaughtering a significant measure of honest individuals and that made them offer violence rather than benevolence to the Native Americans who hadn’t done anything incorrectly to them.

How to Recover From an AMAZING Book

How to Recover From an AMAZING Book I FINALLY read Ready Player One by Ernest Cline a few weeks ago. Blew my mind sky high. I mean, like there was much room to go wrong with a book thats basically Charlie and the Chocolate Factory meets The Matrix. Its Harry Potter and Hunger Games fun. If you havent gotten on it, what are you waiting for, go on and git! I finished the audiobook in a few days. And then I had no idea what to do with my reading self. Its easy to move on from a good book. And its REALLY easy to move on from a terrible one. But how do you get past a great book? A story that used your brain chemicals as its own personal chemistry set! A book that played cats cradle with the strands of your DNA! Its like breaking up with someone youre still in love with. Its like having to move the minute you got all your stuff settled into your new house. Its like being starving and only getting to take two bites out of your lunch. How do you get over that? I was going to come up with a list for this piece, of ways to recover. I brainstormed reading a bunch of essays and poetry and short pieces before your next book, watching a slew of documentaries on Netflix to palate-cleanse, reading, if possible, the backlist of the author who blew your mind clear to the stratosphere. (Curses, Cline, for not having your follow-up Armada written and published, I want that sucker in my hands yesterday.) I think all these things could work. I do. But then I posed the question to our Book Riot team and got an answer that to me feels like THE answer. Rebecca Schinsky said, Only thing that works for me is to switch genres completely. Mindblowing novel? Time for a food memoir. Jodi Chromey agreed, I call that nextbookaphobia and Im with Rebecca you have to read something so totally different it cant suffer in comparison. Peter Damien made it a consensus, saying I do the same thing. Got to shift gears wildly. Ill go from an amazing fiction book to a biography, or to a comic. Frequently Ill go reread a book after the mindblowing. So thats exactly what I did. I genre-switched big time. I read Martin Dressler: The Tale of An American Dreamer  by Stephen Milhauser, Pulitzer Prize-winning historical fiction. Then I read George Saunders new collection of short stories The Tenth of December, warped views of America that remind one why Saunders won his Genius Grant (hint: Its because hes the raddest). Now Im reading Sheila Hetis How Should a Person Be?,  delicious navel-gazing New Adult literary fiction. All books came with the highest recommendations. There would be no fing around with these reads. This wasnt the time to read something that was good for me or something I should have read in high school. This was the time to try to find a book I would love to pieces. I cant say I LOVED these subsequent books to pieces. But I liked them a lot to pieces. And liking a book a lot to pieces can be enough. It wasnt one book that pulled me out of my Ready Player One stupor. It was ALL of them. My revised theory, building off of Rebecca and Jodi and Peters thoughts is that you need a combo of really good books after one great one. If you get, like, NUTS lucky, youll love one of those books almost as much as you loved that mind-blowing book that ruined reading for you forever. We readers know those books are few and far between. No, what you need is the aggregate of some really good books. There are few great books. There are more really good books. Its critical to ease back into really good after having your life changed by great. Its crucial to remember that really good is usually enough. Have you recently had to recover from a mind-blowing book? Whats your reading hangover cure? Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

In The Last Twenty-Five Years, America Has Embraced A...

In the last twenty-five years, America has embraced a lifestyle that has discounted exercise and home cooked meals for sedentary lifestyles, and food that is readily available. As a result of this trend, America is seeing an increase in BMI of its population as a whole. This includes expanding waste lines, higher fat content, and higher risk for many preventable health issues that includes Type II Diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, liver failure, kidney disease, stroke, cancers, and a decrease in fertility. This trend is frightening for millions of Americans because it shortens their lifespan and quality of life. As a result of the negative effects of obesity, children are being subjected to the media, marketing, and poor†¦show more content†¦Consequently, the result of this negative trend caused obesity to be the second leading cause of preventable deaths with 18% of American adults dying each year (CDC, 2016). According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases â€Å"more than one-third (35.7%) of adults are considered obese. More than 1 in 20 (6.3%) have extreme obesity† (NIDDK, 2012). Unfortunately, adults are not the only one’s suffering from obesity; 17% of children are obese with 31.3% being between the ages ten to seventeen, and 13.9% being high school students (State of Obesity, 2016). The prevalence of obesity, in children, is higher among Hispanics at 21.9% and blacks at 19.5% whereas non-Hispanic white adults in the United States are 14.7% (CDC, 2016). However, obesity rates are higher for children who live in low income families that are enrolled in the WIC program, even though rates have decreased since 2000. In 2014, the obesity rate was an average of 14.5 % of children ages 2-4 years (State of Obesity, 2016). According to the CDC, â€Å"the prevalence of obesity was higher among Hispanics (17.3%) and American Indian/Alaska Native (18.0%) young children than among those were non-Hispanic white (12.2%), non-Hispanic black (11.9%), or Asians/Pacific Islander (11.1%)† (CDC, 2016). Childhood obesity for low income WIC children in South Dakota, alone, is 17.1% which is ranked the fourth highest (State of Obesity, 2016). The severity of obesity isShow MoreRelated Views on Gay Marriage in Anna Quindlin’s Essay Evan’s Two Moms1164 Words   |  5 PagesMadison, Wisconsin, a couple who applied at the Y with their kids for a family membership were turned down because both were women. It’s one of those things that can make a person feel small† (Quindlen 411). Quindlen tries to relay the message that the America of tolerance is being heavily treaded upon and when some make the assumption that this is a â€Å"straight world† and right to be gay is denied, it can drive someone to be captive to society in a place that is known as the â€Å"’land of the free.’† â€Å"’FranRead MoreCriminal Justice And The Juvenile Justice System1689 Words   |  7 Pagestime criminal justice is needed more than ever in America and the world as we know it today. The criminal justice system has improved more and more throughout history by changing something as simp le as law enforcement officer’s purpose and who they are taking orders from. The objective of this analysis is to break down these three criminal justice subjects: the juvenile justice system, prison life and the different policing eras. Juveniles has an extensive background of violent crimes throughoutRead MoreRed Bull Marketing2204 Words   |  9 PagesVenezuela is located on the northern end of South America. 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We have thrived on being a diverse nation and embracing our differences to form a moreRead MoreThe History of Mods Skinheads5695 Words   |  23 Pageswas somewhat bleak. The rationed mind-set of the WWII generation was still a part of the social consciousness by the mid 50s, and the economy was slow to bounce back from the ravages of the war. Unlike America at the time, few people in Britain had the freedom for social pursuits or the lifestyle of leisure,(a phenomenon enjoyed mainly in the United States), and, especially if you were working-class, your choices were much narrower. The first Mods, were not technically called Mods, but theyRead MoreEssay on Fat Tax2853 Words   |  12 Pages At the same time it would help the nation offset some of the financial costs that obesity has generated. The proposition is not a fix-all, but it is a good start. 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The following market plan will show in detail the opportunities Domino’s has on the horizon that they can utilize their competitivelyRead MoreClass Vs Race Essay3137 Words   |  13 Pagesis tied to status and status is typically associated with lifestyle, prestige and achievement. While a primary basis o f social class is economic, there are other significant factors which determine class. These factors can include cultural, political, occupational and social components. The importance of varying social class tiers has also tended to be fluid throughout history and the tendency to value this hierarchal class system has been more relevant at certain times and in certain places thanRead MoreEssay on A Century of Physics3573 Words   |  15 Pagesthousand years of intellectual struggle that began with the Greek philosophers, physical scientists had reason to believe that they were beginning to understand the universe. Their theories of matter and energy, of electricity and magnetism, of heat and sound and light were confirmed in laboratories throughout the world with increasing precision. Experimentation was the method and mathematics the language of a powerful coherent body of knowledge called classical physics. For a few years beforeRead More The Current Religion of the American Economy as a Barrierand Substitute for Christian Living2955 Words   |  12 Pageseveryday life. To set this new dogma in context, Iwill also describe the founding principles of Christian living, with particularattention paid to the economic reality of what such living entails. Current Church of State Whatthe U.S. has done, indeed what most of us have endorsed, to traditionalreligion is well ! described by Jeffrey Haynes in his essay on religion andpolitics: Almosteverywhere, modern states have sough to reduce religions politicalinfluence, to privatize it and hence

The Age of Exploration Brought Many Changes to the World...

Many people would be surprised that the things they associate with certain countries are not native to those lands. Sugar was not originally grown in the Caribbean and cows are not indigenous to the United States. Before the Age of Exploration, a period lasting for centuries with long-extending effects, Europeans had not truly begun to explore Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Even with the fearless adventures of the Vikings, Polynesians, and Ming Chinese, no extreme, lasting difference was created. Once people began exploring outside of their own worlds, great social, political, and economic change was ushered in with the exchange and alteration of people, plants, animals, technology, diseases, religion, and political systems. To begin†¦show more content†¦In the Spanish colonies, a system of slavery known as the encomienda was set in place. Under this policy, the native people were divided among settlers and required to do labor while the owners were required to Christianiz e the â€Å"barbaric† people. Furthermore, the mita system was also installed, while forced adult male indigenous people in a rotating cycle to work for multiple months at a time, at farms or mines or somewhere else that featured hard work. In South America, however, native people were easily susceptible to the diseases brought by the Europeans and were quick to die off in mass numbers. For this reason along with the fact African slaves were better suited for the working conditions and more culturally diverse thus less likely to be able to start an uprising, the importation of African slaves became widespread throughout the areas. The population of African peoples increased so much that it in many cases outnumbered the population of free inhabitants. Due to the great population, the diverse culture of the slaves has contributed greatly to the culture of the areas today. The results of this unprecedented mixture of people and cultures, nearly everyone had to change their ways of life. In French America, coureurs de bois, men who arrived looking to trap furs, would often ally with and wed native womenShow MoreRelatedEffects Of European Exploration On The World1252 Words   |  6 PagesEffects Of European Exploration By the late 1400’s into the 1500’s, European countries began to expand into the rest of the world. This resurgence of trade interest resulted in a demand for foreign goods and exploration of water routes. This Age of Exploration united the Americas with Europe, Asia, and Africa. The exchanges were plentiful and stabilizing for many communities. However, along with the positive influences, came the negative aspects, which impacted cultures and civilizations aroundRead MoreThe Age Of Exploration : John Winthrop1546 Words   |  7 PagesMatias Marroquin Mr. Verdi History -9 26 May 2016 The Age of Exploration John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: â€Å"Touching these savages, there is a thing I cannot omit to remark to you, it is that it appears visibly that God wishes that they yield their place to new peoples.† (Crosby, Alfred W.) The Age of Exploration, (and Exploitation) brought an era of racism, nationalism, and ideals of superiority to the New World. Initially a beneficial concept, promoting trade and discoveryRead MoreCauses Of The Age Of Exploration1112 Words   |  5 Pagesgeographical exploration was a period of time when European states began exploring the world. The European exploration known as the Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration began in the early fifteenth century and extended throughout the late sixteenth century. During this time, European nations discovered new routes. This led to the discovering of trade from different places outside of Europe. Europe exploration expanded to places such as the Americas, Africa, and much of the F ar East. Many eventsRead MoreEffects Of European Exploration On Europe, Africa, And The Americas1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe effect of European Exploration on Europe, Africa, and the Americas Whenever you hear about the European Exploration, or ‘The Age of Discovery’’ you hear a lot about what the Europeans gained from it, while they did learn a lot from this and gather a lot of new resources they were not the only ones affected. The Age of Discovery affected more areas that just Europe, it also affected the Americas and Africa. To prove this we must first know what European Exploration is. From the 15th century toRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus s Discoveries1247 Words   |  5 PagesColumbus’s Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuries and change the world forever. His discoveriesRead MorePositive Impact Of Christopher Columbus Discoveries1249 Words   |  5 PagesColumbus’ Discoveries The world is a better place because of Christopher Columbus’ important discoveries in the New World. His explorations resulted in the vast expansion of property for Europe, the exchange of goods and cultures between countries and a change in the worldview of geography. Columbus’s explorations were the catalyst for unprecedented trade known as the Columbian Exchange, which started the exchange of goods and ideas that would last for centuries and change the world forever. His discoveriesRead More The Age of Exploration Essay1090 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore the unknown has been a driving force in human history since the dawn of time. From the earliest documented accounts, ancient civilizations have explored the world around them. Early adventures were motivated by religious beliefs, a desire for conquest, the need for trade, and an unsatisfying hunger for gold. The great Age of Exploration, beginning in the late 1400s, was an important era in the discovery and developm ent of lands yet unknown to the Europeans. During this period, Europe sought newRead More Age Of Discovery Essay939 Words   |  4 Pages What were the Effects of the Age of Discovery? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Age of Exploration was a time of struggle and wealth for many European countries. The pursuit of a trade route to the Far East led many countries across the ocean, looking for the great spice cities that were rumored by Marco Polo. These countries knew that whoever found the shortest or best route would become rich, very quickly. Explorers from many European countries embarked on journeys that not even they had anyRead MoreEuropean Exploration : The Age Of Discovery1128 Words   |  5 Pagespartake in global explorations in the early fifteenth century. By doing so, this opened up a new chapter in world history, known as the Age of Discovery. During this time, Europe expanded to the Americas, Africa, and the Far East being the first orbit around the world. â€Å"Profound misconceptions about geography and the cultures of local populations would change very slowly throughout he early centuries of European exploration.† (The Saylor Foundation The Eu ropean Voyages of Exploration: Introduction)Read MoreEssay Changes in Early Modern Europe967 Words   |  4 Pagesand settlement of the New World. Recovery from the Black Plague, religious reformation, and newly formed nation-states were on the forefront of these changes. The political environment, economy, and religion were all intertwined during the upheaval of the Old World which proved to be a driving force in the search for and eventual settlement of new lands. The Reformation and the Counter-Reformation were major motivating factors in early modern Europe leading to exploration of new lands. This began

Abraham the King Free Essays

Chapter One 1. Explain the significance of the parrot and the mockingbird at the beginning of this chapter. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Abraham the King or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why would Chopin have thought it important to include this detail in her brief mention of the children’s nurse? 3. Why would Ponterllier consider his suntanned wife to be a â€Å"damaged piece of property? 4. Who is Robert Lebrun? 5. What is his relationship with Edna? Chapter Two 1. Describe Edna Pontellier. 2. What kind of person is Robert Lebrun? 3. What shift in point of view is evident in Chapter Two? 4. What do you learn about Robert and Edna from their conversation at the end of this chapter? Chapter Three 1. How does Leonce’s behavior when he returns from the Klein Hotel reveal his attitude toward his wife? 2. What is the first sign that Edna is not completely happy with her life as it is? 3. Discuss how sounds are used as a backdrop to the scene of disagreement between Leonce and Enda? 4. How do the gifts Edna receives from her husband symbolize her marriage and most marriages of this time? Chapter Four 1. Describe the unusual nature of the relationship between Edna and her children. 2. What is Chopin implying by this description: â€Å"They were women who idolized their children, worshiped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels. † 3. Who is Adele Ratingnolle, and how is she the embodiment of the â€Å"mother- woman†? 4. How does the fact that Edna is not a Creole affect her relationship with others on Grand Isle? Chapter Five 1. How does Robert’s behavior toward Edna fit the pattern of Medieval and Renaissance courtly love? 2.What is the difference between Robert’s present attentions to Edna and his past attentions to Adele Ratignolle? 3. Compare Edna’s sketching with Adele’s sewing. 4. To what tradition is Chopin referring when she has Edna compare Adele to a Madonna? 5. What is ironic about the simile? Chapter Six 1. What is significant about Edna’s first saying she did not want to go swimming with Robert and then agreeing to go? 2. How is the sea used symbolically in this chapter? Chapter Seven 1. How are Edna Pontellier and Adele Ratignolle contrasted in this chapter? 2. What does the road to the beach symbolize in this chapter? 3. What is the significance of the lady in black and the two lovers in this chapter? 4. What does the flashback to Edna’s childhood reveal to the reader? 5. What do you learn about Edna as a person, given the reasons for her marriage to Leonce? 6. â€Å"She grew fond of her husband, realizing with some unaccountable satisfaction that no trace of passion or excessive and fictitious warmth colored her affection,, thereby threatening its dissolution. † How does the narrator’s omniscience reveal Edna’s feelings about marriage and intimate relationships? How to cite Abraham the King, Papers

The Chosen Essays (3379 words) - The Chosen, The Promise

The Chosen Reading Journal Chapter One 1. "Remember why and for whom we play." (p. 16) This passage shows the rabbi of Reuven's rival team telling his players to focus and concentrate on the importance of the baseball game they are about to play. They are playing for the glory of their God and not to just have fun. To these young teenage boys their religion has importance in all aspects of their life even their after school recreational activities. 2. The first pitch was low, and Danny Saunders ignored it. The second one started to come in shoulder-high, and before it was two thirds of the way to the plate, I was standing on second base. (p. 30) This seemingly irrelevant scene in the book is actually very important because it shows how Reuven controls his own destiny. Anticipating what is going to happen based on previous experience is crucial, not just in baseball but also in life. Reuven was the only one on his team that reacted like this and it shows his leadership abilities in key situations. Chapter Two 3. "Enjoy your meal," she said smiling. "Thank you very much," I said. I had been concerned about eating. (p. 44) As soon as Reuven regained consciousness in the hospital his main concern was remaining kosher according to his religion. His natural instinct of hunger was put after the desire to obey his Jewish beliefs. This shows what a key factor Reuven's religion is to him in all aspects of life. 4. "It's not all right," I said "I want you to tell me." "There is nothing to tell you. They told me it was all right." "Abba, please tell me what's the matter." (p. 48) This passage explains the close connection between Reuven and his father. The boy can tell when his father is not being completely honest with him and Reuven longs to know what is going to happen to his eye. In his time of pain and concern Reuven knows that he can confide in his "Abba" for help and comforting. Chapter Three 5. Also, yesterday I had hated him; now we were calling each other by our first names. (p. 68) Reuven explains in this passage the change in emotions he felt towards Danny. The previous day Reuven deeply hated Danny but now they began to spend time together and grow as friends. It is also ironic that these two boys would probably never get to know each other if it was not for Reuven's injury. 6. "What would have happened if you had lost?" "I don't like to think about that. You don't know my father." "So you practically had to beat us." (p. 71) Here Danny tells Reuven that to the Hasidic softball team it was more than a game; it was an expression of Hasidic dominance. Danny's father, the Hasidic rabbi in the area formed the team for the sole purpose of glorifying his religion and failure was not an option for Danny and his team. Chapter Four 7. "I read a lot," he said. "I read about seven or eight books a week outside of my school work." (p. 79) Danny is telling Reuven about himself and his studying habits. Danny is an extremely intelligent person who reads on his own for the sole purpose of possessing that extra knowledge. This impresses Reuven who is also on a quest for knowledge and he only reads three or four books a week. 8. I suddenly realized it was my father who all along had been suggesting books for Danny to read. My father was the man Danny had been meeting in the library. Reuven is surprised to find out that his "enemy" was actually a friend of his father for almost two months before the two boys met on the baseball field. In this complicated friendship the two boys are just getting to know each other while the father has been guiding each of them individually for quite some time. Only through a baseball injury are these people all brought together. Chapter Five 9. I had lived init all my life, but I never really saw it until I went through it that Friday afternoon. (p.94) Reuven now values the things he once took for granted; even an insignificant plant outside his house is exciting to him. It is not until something is taken away from Reuven that he notices the importance of it. 10. I felt I had crossed into another world, that pieces of my old self had been left behind on the black asphalt

King Kalakaua essays

King Kalakaua essays King Kalakaua was elected by the legislature in hawaii in 1874. He was so popular in the election because the sugar growers in Hawaii would benefit from him signing the reciprocity treaty if he became king. The treaty would allow them to export and import goods (mainly rice and sugar) tax free in Hawaii. The Hawaiian League was formed in 1887 composed of elite business men and sugar growers of missionary descent. Its primary goal was to eliminate the monarchy by further reducing the kings power. They desired an American democracy so badly that they forced the king to appoint a new cabinet consisting of members from the Hawaiian League. In that same year, Kalakaua adopted the Bayonet constitution because Lorrin Thurston , grandson of American missionaries, was the backbone for the revolution against the Hawaiian Monarchy. Lorrin and other American missionaries had a goal to (in their words) reform the monarchy. Thurston had a vision to change the Government of Hawaii into a democracy to protect and preserve the ways of the Hawaiians from other countrys invasions. The league had a vision that they would allow the king to remain in his current power except being limited to a new constitution of their making. Dethroning him would be a last resort, and only if he refused to comply. Many Hawaiian League members belonged to a volunter militia, the Honolulu Rifles, which was officially in service to the Hawaiian government, but was secretly the league's military arm. The league formed a military arm to protect themselves from any people who might damage the well being of the people in the league. Thurston desired justice from some of the ways of the Hawaiian people. They traded and freely smoked opium, had a corrupted government system because of it, drank and danced hula. Kalakaua was compelled to accept a new Cabinet composed of league members, who presented their constitution ...

JUNG Surname Meaning and Origin

JUNG Surname Meaning and Origin The Jung  surname means young, and was often used to distinguish the younger of two men with the same name, such as a son from a father or the younger of two cousins. It derives from the German word jung, from the Middle High German junc, meaning young. YOUNG is the English variant of the surname, while JAROS is found in Poland. According to Dictionary of American Family Names, Jung can also be a variant of the Chinese name Rong, or Korean name Chong. It is a common surname in both countries. Surname Origin: German, Chinese, Korean Alternate Surname Spellings:  JUNK, YUNG, YONG, YOUNG, YOUNGE, JAROS Where in the World is the JUNG Surname Found? The Jung surname is most common in Germany, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the states of Saarland and Rheinland-Pfalz, followed by Hessen and  Thà ¼ringen. Other top regions for Jung include Alsace, France, and Grevenmacher, Luxembourg. Surname distribution maps at Forebears identify Jung as the 5th most common surname in South Korea, the 35th most common surname in North Korea, and the 39th most common surname in Germany. It is also the 10th most common last name in Thailand. Famous People with the Last Name JUNG Carl C.G. Jung - Swiss psychiatrist, founder of analytical psychologyChan Sung Jung - Korean MMA fighterRudolf Jung - instrumental force of Austrian National Socialism; member of the Nazi partyJohann Heinrich Jung - German author who wrote under the name Heinrich Stilling Genealogy Resources for the Surname JUNG How to Trace Your German AncestryLearn how to trace your German roots back to the old country and beyond, from gathering information on your family to locating your ancestors German hometown to accessing vital records, passenger records and church records in Germany. German Genealogy Databases and Online RecordsResearch your German family tree online in this collection of online German genealogy databases and records.   Jung Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jung surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jung query. FamilySearch - JUNG GenealogyExplore over 9 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jung surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Jung Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Jung last name from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Allocation Problem session long project 4 (walmart) accounting Essay

The Allocation Problem session long project 4 (walmart) accounting - Essay Example The company allocates its administrative expenses to all the divisions and these common costs are used in this analysis. From the annual report of Wal-Mart, the incomes from various divisions are gathered. The administrative expenses are then allocated to each division. The allocation depends on a number of factors including the scale of operations in the division, number of stores operating in the division and the revenue generated (Wal-Mart Financial Review). The incomes from various divisions are presented below: The above report indicates that the Wal-Mart U S has the highest profit margin standing at 7.5 % ($ 19522 million / $ 258,229 million). However the International division has a low profit margin at 5 %. These performances are based on the incomes generated after taking the common costs into account. In order to identify the actual performance of the various divisions, the report is recast without taking the common costs into consideration. The recast report above without the unallocated common costs (administrative expenses, in this case) reveals that the International division contributes significantly towards the total income and towards covering the common costs. It is a known fact that the administrative expenses are hard to predict and are very unstable in large organizations. Hence the above report without the administrative expenses can be used to predict or estimate future performance of the divisions. Thus the common costs (in this case, the advertising expenses) are analyzed for Wal-Mart. The recast report with the unallocated costs reveals a number of facts about the profitability, thus giving a clear picture of the performance of the various divisions. This information without the allocated common costs can be useful in analyzing the contribution of the division to the company as a

Background on Boeing & Airbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Background on Boeing & Airbus - Essay Example Airbus was founded in 1970 and it has in headquarters in Toulouse in France. The company took over the commercial airline business in the 90s and it has recorded tremendous growth in the past two decades. The company has majorly invested in manufacturing travel aircrafts for the global commercial market. In 1967, Airbus produced its first commercial Airplane, the A300. The Airbus A340 and A330 were later developed and Airbus along with its partner companies went into the Aircraft market with a brand that would take over the market shares globally (McGuire 1997). Airbus, just like its Boeing counterpart has always been led by the urge to maintain innovativeness throughout its period of existence, the company has always posed a challenge to itself to always improve on it previous models and to beat their rivals. This has majorly been achieved through investing in building and testing challenging ideas, perfecting them and ensuring that the final products meet the international standards in terms of quality and capacity (Thornton 1995). Boeing is the largest American Aircraft manufacturing company that was founded in 1916. Based on the time that the company has been in the business, its position in the competition in the industry is justified. It has developed some of the largest models of aircrafts in the world and it has given Airbus a run for their money with the introduction of very large airplanes. In its initial manufacturing days, the company was majorly a war aircraft producing company but it later shifted to fully developing high capacity airplanes. The 737 mode was among its first best performing commercial airplanes. The 787 Dreamliner is among its most recent aircrafts that has attracted a good reception in the global market (Boeing 2013). The competition in the aircraft business has traditionally based on the capacity

Determination of Unknown Salt Experiment

Determination of Unknown Salt Experiment Siar Azizi Introduction: Cold packs or medical cold packs are made and used in a variety of different ways. Cold packs are typically used in regards of medical treatment. Many athletes used cold packs to heal from any injuries. Furthermore, cold packs are used to keep medications cool for a given period, such medications include vaccinations. Cold packs contain a liquid inside, in most cases its water. In addition the water is mixed with a salt, which allows the cold pack to stay cool. The mixture that occurs between the salt and the water causes an endothermic reaction, which means that heat is absorbed. Due to the heat absorption, the temperature of the solution will decrease substantially. The cold pack experiment lab allowed us, the students, to apply theories learned in class to actual real life experiments; such experiments prepare us for future tasks the will be put forth to determine. Our main trajectory through this assignment was to determine what our unknown salt was, through experimental analysis. The main purpose of this lab was for us to determine what the given unknown salt is. For this experiment, my group and I were given unknown salt 7. Information recognized before starting the lab, were the materials needed, background information on the math required to determine the unknown(s). In addition, other background sources before starting the experiment included having previous knowledge of chemical formulas, understanding concepts learned throughout class and how a calorimetry works. Furthermore in order to determine how to complete the lab, we needed information upon how to properly keep the temperature of the water from decreasing or increasing, and this required that we needed to know what an insulator is and how to use it. To base a conclusion on what the unknown variables are, we needed to determine how to start and complete this experiment. To being with, we completed this activity by taking two of the three foam cups and placing them into each other. The foam cup inside the other cup will hold our water, while the other acts as an insulator, to prevent heat from escaping. Secondly, we used a graduated cylinder and measured 25.0-ml of water into it and put the water into the cup. After that we place the third cup, over the other two (acts like a cover) and put the thermometer through the top of the cup (This helps us determine the temperature of the water). Lastly, we measured the 3.0grams of our unknown salt and placed that into the water, letting it dissolve, and measured the temperature. The theories that needed to be taken into account for to help complete the lab, includes determine the heat capacity, q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T. Other theories that we will also need to take into account for include, determine enthalpy, determining the change in temperature, and determining the percentage yield. In order to determine the enthalpy, the equation needed to be used is à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-q. The equation used to determine change in temperature and percentage yield are, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T= T1 – T2 and Percent error= Theoretical yield-Actual yield x100. Theoretical As you read on, every equation will be examined and explained on what they mean and how they will be used. Brain, Marshall , and Sara Elliot. How Refrigerators Work.HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. Materials: The materials required in order completing the lab included goggles/eye wear; this will help prevent any type of harmful substances that we worked with from damaging your eyes. Three Styrofoam cups, the cups helps make an insulator and create the calorimeter. The thermometer was required in order to determine the temperature of both the water and the unknown salt. A weighing boat was also another source of material needed, in order to place 3.0grams of our salt. In addition, a scoopula and a scale were needed to help us determine the exact measurements of the unknown salt needed. Water was required to dissolve our salt into and measure the temperature of. A 100ml graduated cylinder was used to determine the accurate quantity of water required. Our unknown salt was another source of material given by our teacher, and this allowed us to complete the experiment. Other materials needed in order to complete the lab included paper towels. Procedure: In order to determine what our unknown salt is, we needed to make a guideline of the steps required to determine it. The procedure of our lab is: Gather all equipment/ materials to start procedure. Weigh the weighing boat, record the weight. Place 3.0 grams of our unknown salt 7 Take two of the three foam cups and place them within each other to create an insulator from preventing heat to escape or cold air from entering. Take the 100-mL graduated cylinder and measure 25.0mL of water. Take the 25mL of water and place it in the two foam cups Cut the third Styrofoam cup to fit the top of the first two cups. Make a hole, place thermometer in the calorimeter Read the temperature of water record it. Remove thermometer, add 3.0grams of unknown salt into the calorimeter. Let the salt dissolve and determine the temperature, by placing the thermometer through the top of the third cup. Before measuring the temperature, shake the cup to insure the unknown salt reacted/ dissolved completely. Determine the temperature and record results. Dispose of waste, clean the equipment and restart for the remaining two trials. Observations and Results: Before beginning the calculations for the lab, we need to determine what possible equation we will have to use. Equations: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T= T2 – T1 The equation above is the change in temperature, represented by delta (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  ), which is the second temperature recorded subtracted by the first temperature recorded (T2 – T1). Q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T The equation above allows us to determine the q, which is the quantity of heat transferred, which equals the mass (m), multiplied by the specific heat capacity (c), and multiplied by the change in temperature (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T=T2 – T1 ). à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-q The equation above allows us to solve for the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H system. Once we determined the quantity of heat transferred, by using the equation q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T, we can determine delta h by either replacing the q with mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T, or place the result of q in the equation. Average Enthalpy= Trail 1+Trail 2+Trail 3 3 The equation above gives us the average enthalpy for the number of trails that was conducted by our group. We add up all the Enthalpy of all trials and divide it by 3, to give the average. Percent error= Theoretical yield-Actual yield x100 Theoretical This equation allows us to determine the percentage error of our results. After calculating for our enthalpy, we can take the theoretical yield, found on page 347, table 1 in our textbook, we can subtract is by the actual yield. After determining the value of that, we divide it by the theoretical value and multiply it all by 100%. With the recording of all our data obtained from doing the experiment, we were able to form a chart for all three procedures and mathematically determine what the unknown salt was. Weighing Boat=1.81 Grams Temperature of water and unknown salt obtained from three trails Table 1: Temperature results and Change in temperature of water through three trails. From this chart above, we can see that we completed three trails to determine the exact value of the unknown salt, and to determine what the unknown salt is. In addition, we recorded our temperatures of the water before the salt was added (T1) and after the salt was added (T2). From that point we calculated the change in the temperature for each trail, with the equation, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=T2 – T1. Heat capacity and enthalpy of unknown salt for three trials Table 2: Enthalpy and heat capacity of unknown salt 7 for three trials. The chart above shows the heat capacity and enthalpy of the unknown salt from three different tests conducted. We determined the heat capacity using the equation q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T and the enthalpy using mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=q. The calculations for determine the results are shown below: Calculations: Note: 1mL is 1 gram. (M=dV, mass= density (1.00grams/mL) x volume (mL)) Trail 1: Q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(q) Q= (25g) (4.18J/goC) (-8oC) (3.00g) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(-0.836KJ) Q= -836J à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.836KJ/3.00g à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.279KJ/g Trail 2: Q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  T mà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(q) Q= (25g) (4.18J/goC) (-7oC) (3.00g) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(-0.7315KJ) Q= -731.5J à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.7315JK/3.00g Q= -0.7315KJ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.2438KJ/g Trail 3: Q=mcà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Tmà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(q) Q= (25g) (4.18J/goC) (-7oC) (3.00g) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=-(-0.7315KJ) Q=-731.5J à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.7315KJ/3.00g Q=-0.7315KJ à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  H=0.2438KJ/g Average Enthalpy: Avg Enthalpy= Trail 1+ Trail 2+ Trail 3 3 Avg Enthalpy= (0.279KJ/g) (0.2438KJ/g) (0.2438KJ/g) 3 Avg Enthalpy= 0.256KJ/g After determining our average enthalpy, we can determine what compound it is. Going into our textbook, onto page 347 and taking a look at table 1, we are given a list of compounds. The nearest compound our enthalpy is at is ammonium chloride. Ammonium chloride has an enthalpy of 0.277kj/g and we got an enthalpy of 0.256kj/g. using our knowledge based on rounding, we rounded up and made a conclusion stating that our compound was in fact ammonium chloride. Percentage Yield: Percent error= Theoretical yield-Actual yield x100 Theoretical Percent error= 0.277KJ/g – 0.256KJ/gx100 0.277KJ/g Percent error= 7.58% Therefore, the percentage error of our results was 7.58% Discussion: Throughout the cold pack experiment not all our results were accurate. Our results weren’t as accurate because we stumbled upon some errors while completing the lab. One error that we encountered while completing this experiment and one that had an impact on our final results was the way our calorimeter was created. Through the experiment we were to assume that the calorimeter would create an isolated and insulated system, but in truth it didn’t. As we proceeded through the experiment of putting the water into our calorimeter, there was a possible moment when there was a transfer of heat in between the Styrofoam cups and the solution, in our case unknown salt 7. The stage when there may have been a transfer of heat, was not taken into account and this could of have caused an increase or a decrease in the temperature of our solution. As we already know that the reaction was endothermic and since it’s endothermic the solution absorbed the heat, from the cups and re action. Such an error would cause a change in the temperatures of our solution to either increase or decrease. The result of this error had a medium impact on our final results. This was a medium impact because it not only affected our solution, but also the measurements we took. Resolutions to possibly prevent this error from occurring includes, taking account that the temperature may increase or decrease due to that fact it isn’t an actual isolated system. Another solution can include using different materials that would insulate the solution better. Our second source of error was taking the measurements of the water and measuring the accurate temperature of the water. When taking the measurements of the temperature of both the water and solution, there could have been an error from what we saw and what we wrote. Furthermore, since we don’t know whether the thermometer was actually inside the water, it could have not been touching it which in turn gave us the wrong results. An example could include is when taking the temperature of the water, the thermometer could have read 22oC and we could have seen it as 23oC or24oC. The result of this error had a medium effect on our data and due to this effect, our enthalpy wasn’t as accurate, and didn’t exactly match the ones in the textbook. When measuring the amount of water required dispensing in the calorimeter we need to use a graduated cylinder for accurate measurements. The cylinder was to give us the accurate measurement of whether we had exactly 25ml of water o r not. The error in this measurement was for us to check with if it was exactly 25ml, and this may have resulted in either something less than 25ml or more than 25ml. The impact the source of error had on our final result was medium. The impact was medium because even though it did affect our final results, it didn’t affect it by a lot. It hadn’t affected our results by a large quantity because the difference between the solution we were supposed to get and the one we had, had a small margin of differences. The last source of error, that we hadn’t taken account for throughout the process of completing the experimental lab, may have had an impact on our final results. This error that affected our results was the fact that our unknown salt 7, was exposed to air for a periodic time. Due to a fact that the salt was exposed to air, it may have resulted in some of the salt reacting with the atmosphere. Due to this error, our results could have been incorrect because when massing the 3.0 grams, it could have reacted with the atmosphere, giving us 0.10 off, such as 2.90grams. This may not affect the results by a lot, but there would still be an effect on it. Another example of our results being affected by this includes that since some of our unknown salt reacted, when we measured the temperature it could have actually been either lower or higher than what we actually expected. For example, if the salt wasn’t exposed to the atmosphere we could have got a temperature of 18oC, but i nstead due to the fact it was exposed we got 20oC. The affect this had on our results and solution is a medium result. This is a medium result because if some of the unknown salt reacted, it would have been in such a small quantity, that it wouldn’t have a large effect on our results. Possible solutions from stopping this problem from occurring includes, either keeping the salt in an isolated room, put a tad more of the unknown salt in the water, just to counter act for the ones that reacted. In the mixed of completing the lab, we stumbled upon a mistake with determining the unknown salt. The mistake had an impact on final answer and wasn’t taken into account that it may possible have an effect on our final solution. The mistake that may have been encountered includes that our unknown source of salt, when added into the water, may have not dissolved properly. This resulted in the reaction not taking place to dissolve the entire product, which may have affected the temperature that was measured. Due to the fact that the salt wasn’t dissolved and it didn’t participate in the reaction, the temperature we may have taken could have been only the waters temperature. This source of error had a large effect on our solution because we had no way of determining whether it dissolved or not, without tampering the solution. Furthermore, due to the fact of the error, we may have been given the wrong temperature of the solution that in turn gave us the incorrect res ults for the enthalpy. In accordance, not only will we have been given the incorrect enthalpy, but the results were affected as well. In order to prevent this source of error from occurring again, what I could do is, while the unknown salt is in the water, I could stir it to dissolve properly; another method can include is to shake the calorimeter to dissolve the salt. When shaking it, I would hold it from the top to prevent heat transfer from my hand and the water. Diagram 1: From the diagram we can see the calorimeter being constructed and the final result is over on the right. I would hold the middle of the calorimeter and spin it around to better dissolve the unknown salt. DoChem 095 Heat of Solution of Magnesium.DoChem 095 Heat of Solution of Magnesium. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. Conclusion: In conclusion, this experiment allowed us, the students, to use theories learned in class to real life applications, or real life applications that we will soon encounter. The lab better prepared us for what may be expected in the future, and allowed us to determine different factors that affected our results in more than one possible way. The cold pack experiment lab that was conducted by my group and I, had resulted in us facing errors such as measurement errors, errors including the calorimeter and errors including our unknown salt. These errors were recorded and explained to better help us prevent it from occurring again. By following the correct procedure and having the correct materials required, we were able to determine the final enthalpy. That allowed us to determine what our unknown salt was, which was ammonium chloride. Bibliography: DoChem 095 Heat of Solution of Magnesium.DoChem 095 Heat of Solution of Magnesium. N.P., n.d. Web. 10 Apr. 2014. Brain, Marshall , and Sara Elliot. How Refrigerators Work.HowStuffWorks. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. Kessel, Hans Van. The Bohr Atomic Theory.Nelson Chemistry 12. Toronto: Thomson Nelson, 2003. 174-76. Print.

The age of the entrepreneur has arrived

We are living in an age of entrepreneurship. When Bill Gates, the founder and CEO of Microsoft or Anita Roddick, founder of the Body Shop seem to be better known around the world than most heads of state, one might conclude that the age of the entrepreneur has arrived. Entrepreneurs of large multinational corporations have had a distinctly important role in shaping today's process of globalization. The term â€Å"entrepreneurship† has historically referred to the efforts of an individual who takes on the odds in translating a vision into a successful business enterprise (Collins & Moore, 1964; Hebert & Link, 1988). More recently, however, entrepreneurship has been conceptualized as a process that can occur in organizations of all sizes and types, such as the public sector, and non-profit organization (Burgelman, 1983; Gartner, 1985; Kao, 1989; Miller, 1983). In this paper, the author will use the case of Michael Young, Lord Young of Dartington, to discuss how useful is the notion of the ‘social entrepreneur' and how different is such a concept from the more traditional portrayal of the private sector entrepreneur. The story of Michael Young Michael Young, one of Britain foremost social entrepreneurs, has died aged 86. Lord Young of Dartington leaves behind dozens of institutions and charities which he either was founder, or played a major hand in creating including the Consumers Association and the Open University. He was an innovative and progressive thinker in political and social policy (Briggs2001). By any standard, Young must count as one of the most fecund and versatile figures of British life. As head of the Labour Party's research department and one of the people who drafted its manifesto in 1945, he helped craft the terms of the post-war settlement. His seminal study of family and kinship in London's East End gave social inquiry a new direction. He was a prime mover in the development of the Consumers' Association, the Open University, the Social Science Research Council, the University of the Third Age and, most recently, the School of Social Entrepreneurs. For nearly 60 years, Young has fertilised British life with new ideas and new institutions. Yet he is also one of the authors of a reactionary orthodoxy that lies on British politics and education with the weight of a corpse (Briggs2001). His many dragon seeds have included starting the Advisory Centre for Education, which provided information on education issues (1960); the National Consumer Council (1975); the University of the Third Age, or U3A (1982); the Open College of the Arts, which taught practical arts by correspondence (1987); the National Association for the Education of Sick Children (1993); a Family Covenant Association, for promoting a secular form of Baptism (1994); and the School for Social Entrepreneurs (1998) (Gray2001) The nature of entrepreneurship According to Collins, Moore, (1964), the entrepreneur was defined as ‘a risk-taker – a man who braves uncertainty, strikes out on his own, and, through native wit, devotion ot duty, and singleness of purpose, somehow creates business and industrial activity where none existed before'. In a 21st century business context, and largely as lay people understand it, entrepreneur typically refers to ‘a person who undertakes or controls a business or enterprise and bears the risk of profit or loss' (Brown 1993), Underlying entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors are three key dimensions: innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness (Covin & Slevin, 1989; Miller, 1983; Morris & Sexton, 1996). Innovativeness refers to the seeking of creative, unusual, or novel solutions to problems and needs. These solutions take the form of new technologies and processes, as well as new products and services. Risk taking involves the willingness to commit significant resources to opportunities having a reasonable chance of costly failure. These risks are typically moderate and calculated. Proactiveness is concerned with implementation, with doing what is necessary to bring an entrepreneurial concept to fruition. It usually involves considerable perseverance, adaptability, and a willingness to assume responsibility for failure. To the extent that an undertaking demonstrates some amount of innovativeness, risk taking, and proactiveness, it can be considered an entrepreneurial event, and the person behind it an entrepreneur. Further, any number of entrepreneurial events can be produced in a given time period (Stevenson & Jarillo, 1990). Accordingly, entrepreneurship is not an either/or determination, but a question of â€Å"degree† and â€Å"frequency.† Organizations can be characterized, then, in terms of their entrepreneurial orientation or â€Å"intensity,† which is a reflection both of how many entrepreneurial things they are doing, and how innovative, risky, and proactive those things tend to be. By dissecting the critical elements of entrepreneurship, we are able to highlight the essential ingredients for society to nurture, cultivate and value. It also frees the term for use in non-business, non-profit-seeking ventures. It blurs the boundaries between the business and social sectors in potentially useful ways as well and foreshadows a cultural shift in what we value. And Casson (1995) notes that entrepreneurship can be a distributed process across the public/private divide. He (1995) argues: â€Å"The public sector and the private sector therefore offer two distinct channels of advancement for the entrepreneur. The rewards to entrepreneurship in the public sector come more in the form of status rather than of income, of course. The difference between the social entrepreneur and the private sector entrepreneur a). The different mission. Compare to the private sector entrepreneur, social entrepreneurs has the different mission (Ackerman1996). Social entrepreneurs play the role of change agents in the social sector, by adopting a mission to create and sustain social value, not just private value. For social entrepreneurs, the social mission is explicit and central. This obviously affects how social entrepreneurs perceive and assess opportunities. Mission-related impact becomes the central criterion, not wealth creation. Wealth is just a means to an end for social entrepreneurs. With business entrepreneurs, wealth creation is a way of measuring value creation. This is because business entrepreneurs are subject to market discipline, which determines in large part whether they are creating value. If they do not shift resources to more economically productive uses, they tend to be driven out of business. b). Different measurements to value creation. In the modern market, the value created by private sector entrepreneur can be clearly calculated by the market value. Whereas, it is inherently difficult to measure social value creation (Dees 1998). How much social value is created by reducing pollution in a given stream, by saving the spotted owl, or by providing companionship to the elderly? The calculations are not only hard but also contentious. Even when improvements can be measured, it is often difficult to attribute them to a specific intervention. Are the lower crime rates in an area due to the Block Watch, new policing techniques, or just a better economy? Even when improvements can be measured and attributed to a given intervention, social entrepreneurs often cannot capture the value they have created in an economic form to pay for the resources they use. Defining Social Entrepreneurship Although the growing attention devoted to the phenomenon, there have not a generally accepted definition of public/social sector entrepreneurship to emerge. Many of prior studies provided the definition of social entrepreneurship. Such as Bellone & Goerl (1992) social entrepreneurship is an active approach to administrative responsibility that includes generating new sources of revenue, providing enhanced services, and helping to facilitate increased citizen education and involvement. Osborne & Gaebler (1992) state it as a continuous attempt to apply resources in new ways so as to heighten the efficiency and effectiveness of public institutions. Linden (1990) concluded it as the purposeful and organized search for innovative changes in public sector organizations and operations. Base on such prior studies, Dees (1998) stated social entrepreneurs play the role of change agents in the social sector, by: * Adopting a mission to create and sustain social value (not just private value), * Recognizing and relentlessly pursuing new opportunities to serve that mission, * Engaging in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation, and learning, * Acting boldly without being limited by resources currently in hand, and * Exhibiting a heightened sense of accountability to the constituencies served and for the outcomes created. Dees (1998) also mentioned this is clearly an â€Å"idealized† definition. Social sector leaders will exemplify these characteristics in different ways and to different degrees. The closer a person gets to satisfying all these conditions, the more that person fits the model of a social entrepreneur. Those who are more innovative in their work and who create more significant social improvements will naturally be seen as more entrepreneurial. The truly Schumpeterian social entrepreneurs will significantly reform or revolutionize their industries. In sum, social entrepreneurship extends the definition of entrepreneurship by its emphasis on ethical integrity and maximizing social value rather than private value or profit. How Michael Young fits the model of a social entrepreneur? To consider how far that Michael Young was entrepreneurial? It is better to consider who closer Michael Young gets to satisfying all such conditions mentioned in the last section. Also Brazeal and Herbert (1999A) stated the way of viewing entrepreneurship is to recognize that entrepreneurship is enabled by the current or potential existence of something new (an innovation), new ways of looking at old problems (Creativity), or the lessened capability of prior processes or solutions to respond effectively to new problem parameters brought on by new or emerging external conditions (environmental change), which can supplant or be complementary to existing processes or solutions (a change), when championed by one or more invested individuals (the innovator). In the follow, some attributions of Michael Young are listed, and it is clear that Michael Young is a successful social entrepreneurial. Young often turned personal experience into new opportunities for social action (Gary 2001). While in hospital with cancer, he devised the idea of the College of Health (and with his sense of provocative fun, he originally called it the Association of Trained Patients). While organizing the funeral of his wife, he saw the need to improve the training of funeral directors, and so he established the National Funerals College. When he discovered that Bengali patients at the London Hospital were unable to explain to doctors what was wrong with them he launched a telephone exchange offering instant translation services. His energy seemed unstoppable, and even into his late seventies he was publishing books and creating even more organizations. Young created an alternative vision of education (Briggs2001). His views on education were often controversial, and heavily influenced by his time spent as a young man at the alternative school at Dartington Hall. The school was based on the philosophy of Rousseau who held the belief that all children were born gifted in one way or another and needed only to be fed and watered, like plants, for their gifts to grow. Michael Young re-stated the egalitarian vision (Gary 2001). He stated where we to evaluate people, not only according to their intelligence and their education, their occupations and their power, but according to their kindliness and their courage, their imagination and sensitivity, their sympathy and generosity, there would be no overall inequalities of the sort we have got used to. Who would be able to say that the scientist was superior to the porter with admirable qualities as a father, the civil servant to the lorry-driver with unusual skills at growing roses? In sum up, Michael Young has undoubtedly been a great innovator, and the greatest social entrepreneur in the UK. The valuation created by Michael Young is significant with the private sector entrepreneur. He was an innovative and progressive thinker in political and social policy.

Definition and Examples of Deductive Arguments

Deduction is a method of reasoning from the general to the specific. Also called deductive reasoning and  top-down logic. In a deductive argument, a conclusion follows necessarily from the stated premises. (Contrast with induction.) In logic, a deductive argument is called a syllogism. In rhetoric, the equivalent of the syllogism is the enthymeme.​ Etymology From Latin, leading Examples and Observations The fundamental property of a deductively valid argument is this: If all of its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true also because the claim asserted by its conclusion already has been stated in its premises, although usually only implicitly.Scientific Deduction and Rhetorical DeductionFor Aristotle, scientific deduction differs in kind from its  rhetorical  counterpart. True, both are conducted according to the laws of thought. But rhetorical deduction is  inferior for two reasons: it starts with uncertain premises, and it is enthymematic: it generally relies on audience presuppositions to supply missing premises and conclusions. Because conclusions cannot be more certain than their premises and because any argument is deficient in rigor that relies on audience participation for its completion, rhetorical deductions can yield at best only plausible conclusions. . . .Syllogisms and EnthymemesVery rarely in literary argument do reasoners make use of the complete sy llogism, except to render perfectly apparent the premises from which the conclusion is deduced, or to show some fault in reasoning. Deductive arguments take various forms. One premise, or even the conclusion, may not be expressed if obvious enough to be taken for granted; in this case, the syllogism is called an enthymeme. One of the premises may be conditional, which gives the hypothetical syllogism. A syllogistic argument may be involved in a statement with its reasons, or with its inferences, or may be diffused throughout an extended discussion. To argue effectively, with clearness and cogency, the reasoner must have his deductive framework clearly in mind at every point of his discussion, and keep it before the reader or hearer. Pronunciation di-DUK-shun Also Known As Deductive Argument Sources H. Kahane,  Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric, 1998Alan G. Gross,  Starring the Text: The Place of Rhetoric in Science Studies. Southern Illinois University Press, 2006Elias J. MacEwan,  The Essentials of Argumentation. D.C. Heath, 1898

Analysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved - 1200 Words

â€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt them. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and the cycle continues to repeat itself as seen in the novel with Schoolteacher, Sethe and Paul D. Furthermore, Morrison associates symbols with specific characters to depict personal struggles and develop the overarching theme, cruelty. Schoolteacher’s acceptance and use of cruel acts upon Sethe and Paul D reveals his immorality and in doing so dehumanizes himself, as well them. Overall, cruel acts inflicted on one negatively impacts the characters and leads them to commit inhumane acts themselves. First off , Schoolteacher’s arrival to Sweet Home depicts the start of the struggle of the slaves on the plantation. Schoolteacher is the same as any other slave owner, one who dehumanizes his slaves through his actions and teachings. Although, he appears to be a quiet, calm and collected person. He embodies â€Å"the screaming baboon†(199), which reveals how animalistic both slaves and slave owners become, as a result of slavery. In addition, â€Å"the jungle†(198), is the evil that slaves areShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Morrison s Beloved, By Toni Morrison Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesMorrison and Twain each present freed slave mothers as self-sacrificing. Each woman s traumatic experiences as slaves create a deep fear of her children s enslavement. In Morrison s Beloved, Sethe is so distressed by her past; she murders her child to save her from slavery. Morrison uses Sethe s drastic sacrifice to comment on slavery s psychological effects. Meanwhile, Twain s Pudd n Head Wilson portrays Roxy as a sacrificial mother to create sympathy for black people. From a culturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1458 Words   |  6 Pagesinequality between races, classes, and genders. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved is a story that truly shows how oppressive slavery was during the setting of the book. Similarly to the inequality faced during the time of slavery, while Morrison was writing the her novel the issue of women’s equality was present, and being fought for. Morrison, through Beloved, is able to show the world her views on inequality, and how it is still present in life today. Morrison is African American, she was born into a familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1615 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison utilizes a circular narrative to emphasize the similarities, or lack thereof, between her characters. In Philip Page’s article, â€Å"Circularity in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,† he writes, â€Å"The plot is developed through repetition and variation of one or more core-images in overlapping waves... And it is developed through... the spiraling reiteration of larger, mythical acts such as birth, death, rebirth, quest-journeys, and the formation and disintegration of families†Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved943 Words   |  4 Pages It is within human nature to fear that which we do not understand. In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, this idea is explored through the lens of racial discrimination. In this passage, Morrison uses animal imagery as a means to criticize the whites’ dehumanization and subsequent fear of the blacks. With a focus on this inherent, primal fear, this section stresses the novel’s theme of the â€Å"Other† and reinforces the existence of racial prejudice. While this piece of the narrative emphasizes that this â€Å"othering†Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1547 Words   |  7 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved extends beyond a description of individuals held captive by their past through the exploration of human responses to slavery. The manipulation of language and its controlled absence reinforces the mental enslavement that persists after individuals are freed from physical bondage. It is when language is amplified into song that an individual or community may free themselves from the constraints of mental enslavement, therefore enabling their ability to claim ownership of themselvesRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1323 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved is a masterwork of fiction that allows the reader to have many different experiences based on the novels that you pair the book with. When you read Beloved in a modernist light you get a story with slightly different themes then if you read it through a feminist lens. It is a credit to Morrison that her thoughtfully crafted piece of art is able to stand on it own in so many varying ideas. One of the lens that doesn’t get discussed enough is the lens of African AmericanRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved1200 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We’ve all got both light and dark inside of us. What matters is the part we choose to act on (Sirius Black) †. Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved dedicates her novel to the 60 million and more exposed to the darkness within the people set out to hurt the m. The novel depicts how cruelty leads ex-slaves to make irrational decisions and shape the people they are at the end . The cruelty inflicted on one including but not limited to slavery causes a chain reaction of hatred, pain and suffering and the cycleRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved871 Words   |  4 Pagesvery important motif in both Morrison and Faulkner’s stories. In Beloved, the reader is presented with a sad and depressed portrait of Sethe. Her life seems dark and bleak. However, once Beloved enters into her life, the reader sees an apparent shift in Sethe as a character. She begins to see color again, and it is Beloved who brings about this sudden transformation (Beloved, 65). And in the end, after Beloved has left, Sethe states, â€Å"She was my best thing† (321). Beloved was her redeeming quality,Read MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 702 Words   |  3 PagesWilliams 2 period Book by: Toni Morrison Book Titled: Beloved Beloved is about a lady they call Sethe who lives in Bluestone with her daughter Denver and her mother in law Baby Suggs. Fifteen years before the story starts, Sethe kills her baby because she was trying to keep her kids from being brought into slavery. The community knew about her killing her baby and judges her. Her sons Buglar and Howard left fifth teen years before the book started. After Baby Sugg s died, Denver and Sethe are aloneRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Beloved 1310 Words   |  6 Pages Mommy Issues: A â€Å"Beloved† Response Essay Late in 1987, after being inspired by a fellow story of a female fugitive slave, Toni Morrison pens a novel about a runaway slave and her children. Although Morrison’s â€Å"Beloved† quickly became a best-seller, and even has a movie adaption, it still left the audience with many unanswered questions. This novel not only gave a voice to those who were often silenced in the male stories of slavery, but it also perfectly exemplified the relationship was between